Model 4

Model 5

Under-investment

Over-investment

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

Intercept

−0.167***

(−12.748)

−0.137***

(−10.122)

−0.080*

(−1.682)

0.025

(0.497)

−0.164***

(−6.652)

−0.092***

(−3.602)

AQ

0.035***

(3.656)

0.035***

(3.698)

−0.093***

(−2.631)

−0.085**

(−2.430)

0.140***

(3.940)

0.132***

(3.749)

AQ*Partition

−0.376***

(−5.639)

−0.346***

(−5.239)

Partition

0.037

(5.872)

0.031***

(4.924)

Salesgrow

0.003**

(2.400)

0.002**

(2.063)

0.012***

(3.909)

0.010***

(3.300)

0.009***

(5.235)

0.008***

(4.674)

Size

0.009***

(14.963)

0.007***

(11.508)

0.008***

(3.670)

0.002

(0.791)

0.008***

(7.462)

0.005***

(3.991)

Age

−0.001***

(−5.800)

−0.001***

(−5.144)

−0.003***

(−2.896)

−0.002**

(−2.106)

−0.001**

(−2.521)

0.000*

(−1.933)

Institutions

0.104***

(8.763)

0.240***

(6.650)

0.224***

(10.743)

Cont

0.000

(0.274)

0.003

(0.596)

0.000

(−0.324)

Sh1

0.014***

(3.503)

0.041***

(2.853)

0.018**

(2.360)

F

32.942

33.547

23.121

23.219

27.322

29.090

Adj-R2

0.235

0.258

0.265

0.287

0.149

0.171

OBS

2910

2910

1599

1599

4509

4509