Values Theories	Level of analysis
Values Theories	Individual level	Societal level	Individual and Societal level
Allport-Vernon Study of Values (1931) based on Spranger’s (1928) value philosophy, 6 personality types: Theoretical, Economic, Aesthetic, Social, Political, Religious (Oles & Hermans, 2010)	Ö
Inglehart’s Value Change Theory (Inglehart, 1971) : a transition from traditional values and culture which are “materialist” to “post-materialist”		Ö
Schwartz’s Value Theory: 2 higher-order dimensions of values: openness to change vs conservation, self-enhancement vs self-transcendence (Schwartz, 1992)	Ö
Schwartz (1999) distinguished 7 types of values (to compare cultures around the world): Autonomy (Intellectual/Affective) vs Conservatism, Hierarchy vs Egalitarianism, Mastery vs Harmony		Ö
Gouveia’s Functional Theory on Values: based on 2 primary value functions (drive actions and express needs) proposes a three-by-two framework, 6 basic key values are identified: excitement, suprapersonal, interactive, promotion, existence, and normative (Gouveia et al., 2014)	Ö
Seewann and Verwiebe (2020) recommend 6 dimensions of value conceptualisation: value normativity, value relevance, value validity, value stability, value consistency, value awareness			Ö