| Factor | Definition |
| Administrative consideration | The level and intentionality of genuine care and concern expressed by administrators for the safety and well-being of participants. |
| Common interest | Strong and positive group dynamics, social networks, and meaningful friendship groups that form as a result of individuals being brought together by a common interest. |
| Competition | Opportunities to excel against both internal and external rivalries. |
| Equity of administrative decisions | Decisions and actions demonstrating that all members are treated equally. |
| Leadership opportunities | Opportunities to guide and direct others in the community. |
| Social spaces | A common area or facility in which athletes are able to interact with one another. |
| Voluntary action | Self-fulfilling and self-determining activities resulting from little to no external incentive. |