M (maximum d of the species)

5

25

50

100

1000

d (descendants per female)

0.125

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.25

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.5

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

1

0.7

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

2

1.8

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

4

5.2

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.0

8

16.8

6.6

5.3

4.6

4.1

16

59.2

18.2

13.1

10.6

8.3

32

220.8

57.0

36.5

26.2

17.0

64

851.2

195.8

113.9

73.0

36.1