| France | United Kingdom | Germany | Sweden | Portugal | |
| Territory Organization | Unitary State | Unitary State | Federal State | Unitary State | Unitary State |
| Centralized | Decentralized | Relatively decentralized | Very decentralized | Very centralized | |
| Degree of Political/ Management Separation | Reduced | Great | Great | Great | Reduced |
| Main Coordinating Power | Ministerial offices | Administrative elites | Principle of hierarchy and professional officials | Consensus-based practices | Ministers and offices |