| Study | Key Findings | Critique | Research Gaps |
| Global Context |
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| | Nurses’ confidence in EMR use correlated with experience and perceived consideration of suggestions. Lack of prior experience with EMRs affected confidence. Training and consideration of suggestions were recommended. | Limited to a single hospital setting; no comparative analysis with other regions or healthcare facilities. | Lack of exploration into the direct impact on healthcare facility operational efficiency due to nurses’ confidence in EMR use. Need for broader geographic representation. |
| | Strong positive correlation between perceived usefulness, ease of use, and nurses’ acceptance of EMRs. Identified the importance of system quality, management support, and IT support. | Focused on one hospital setting; lacked a comparative analysis with diverse healthcare settings. | Lack of direct assessment of how EMR acceptance translates to healthcare facility operational efficiency. Need for a broader range of healthcare settings for a comprehensive understanding. |
| | Identified various barriers to EHR adoption by physicians. Barriers included time, cost, lack of computer skills, privacy concerns, and interoperability issues. | Primarily focused on physician perspectives and barriers; lacked assessment from a facility operational efficiency standpoint. | Limited exploration of how the identified barriers directly impact healthcare facility operational efficiency. Need for investigation into mitigating these barriers in different healthcare settings. |
| | Discussed the role of digital technologies in the COVID-19 response. Emphasized the importance of digital tools in outbreak response but highlighted limitations and barriers, including legal, ethical, and organizational challenges. | Lacked direct ties to healthcare facility operational efficiency; focused on pandemic response. | Need for specific analysis on how digital technologies, including EHRs, influence and contribute to healthcare facility operational efficiency during pandemics. |
| | Highlighted the accelerated adoption of digital technologies due to the pandemic. Emphasized the benefits of EHRs in supporting patient care, medical decisions, and research. Advocated for a public-centric approach to EHR services. | Limited focus on direct implications for healthcare facility operational efficiency; more emphasis on the broader digital transformation. | Need for a deeper exploration of how public-centric EHR services directly impact healthcare facility operational efficiency. |
| Regional Context |
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| | Users preferred EMRs over paper-based records but highlighted issues with training and post-training support. | Focused on user perceptions; lacked assessment from an operational efficiency standpoint. | Need for evaluation linking user perceptions of EMRs to actual impact on healthcare facility operational efficiency. |
| | Identified facilitators (system functionalities, training) and barriers (infrastructural issues) to EMR use. | Lack of direct analysis of EMR use’s effect on healthcare facility operational efficiency. | Need for a more direct correlation between identified facilitators/barriers and healthcare facility operational efficiency. |
| | Majority of participants satisfied with EMRs, with a small fraction favoring paper-based records. | Lacked analysis on how user satisfaction with EMRs impacts healthcare facility operational efficiency. | Need for an assessment of the direct relationship between user satisfaction with EMRs and healthcare facility operational efficiency. |
| Zambian Situation |
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| | SmartCare faced challenges related to data quality, funding, feedback mechanisms, and structural issues. | Primarily highlighted challenges within the SmartCare system without direct ties to healthcare facility operational efficiency. | Need for an in-depth exploration of how SmartCare system challenges directly affect healthcare facility operational efficiency in Zambia. |