Variable Type

Variable Name

Sign

Definition or Description

Dependent Variable

Economic Resilience

RES

Combined Score of Regional Resistance and Recovery Measured by Entropy Method

Independent Variable

Innovation Capability

INN

Comprehensive Value of Regional Innovation Capacity

Control Variable

Industry Specialization

SP

Relative Specialization Index by Province

Industry Diversification

DIV

Relative Diversity Index by Province

Government Financial Expenditures

GOV

Government Fiscal Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP

Financial Development Level

FINAN

Ratio of Deposit and Loan Balances of Financial Institutions at Year-end

Market Scale Potential

MARKET

Population Density

Transportation Infrastructure

INFRA

Number of Highways Miles