Variables | ADF tests | PP test | Decision | ||
Trend | No constant | Trend | No constant | ||
LIpv LTm LPrec LPib | −1.25 −5.64*** −5.69*** −1.48 | 6.63*** 0.39 −0.31 3.82*** | −1.25 5.64*** −5.69*** −1.49 | 6.63*** 0.39 −0.31 3.82*** | I(0) I(0) I(0) I(0) |
LIpv LTm LPrec LPib | −1.34 −5.28*** −4.16*** −1.86 | 3.58*** 0.57 −0.14 2.33** | −1.25 −5.64*** −5.70*** −1.63 | 5.92*** 0.51 −0.22 3.49*** | I(1) I(1) I(1) I(1) |