Variables

Description of Variables

Source

LIpv

The agricultural yield indicator covers food crops that are considered as edible and contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because even though they are edible, they have no nutritional value. This variable, which captures agricultural yield, has been used by several economists ( Ouédraogo et al. (2006) ; Bsais & Mokkadem, 2019 ; Molua & Lambi, 2006 ). The expected sign is positive or negative.

(WDI, 2022)

LTm

“Climate Change is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere”. Beyond this definition, Climate Change is characterised by an increase in average atmospheric and ocean temperatures, massive melting of snow and ice, and a rise in mean sea level. Temperature has been used as an indicator of climate change in the work of (Molua & Lambi, 2006; Reilly et al., 1994; Mendelsohn et al., 1994) . The expected sign is negative.

(ANAC, 2021)

LPrec

Rainfall is measured as the amount of water that falls to the ground per unit area. The unit used is the millimetre of precipitation per square metre. Assuming a homogeneous distribution of precipitation over this surface, 1 millimetre of rainfall represents 1 litre of water per square metre. This indicator was used by Ouédraogo et al. (2006) ; (Bsais & Mokkadem, 2019) . The expected sign is positive.

(ANAC, 2021)

LPib

Gross domestic product (USD, constant 2010). This indicator, which captures the impact of economic growth on agricultural output, has been used by several economists as one of the socio-economic variables influencing agricultural production output (Mendelsohn et al., 1994; Mendelsohn & Dinar, 1998) . Thus, this measure is chosen in our study as an indicator of economic growth. The expected sign is positive.

(WDI, 2021)