(1) Japan	Overall				By Industry (Note 2)								By Scale of Enterprise (Note 3)
(1) Japan	Overall				Secondary Industry				Tertiary Industry				Large Enterprises				Mid-size Enterprises
(Explained Variable)	S1		S2		S1		S2		S1		S2		S1		S2		S1		S2
LN (Regular Male Employee/Capital)	0.546	†	−0.118	*	0.661	†	−0.121	*	0.433	†	−0.024		0.395	†	−0.081		0.779	†	−0.189
LN (Regular Female Employee/Capital)	−0.118	*	0.347	†	−0.121	*	0.264	†	−0.024		0.310	†	−0.081		0.268	†	−0.189		0.471	†
Constant Term	1.135	†	1.197	†	1.408	***	0.910	†	1.081	†	1.131	†	0.961	†	1.026	†	1.227	***	1.347	†
Obs.	109		109		44		44		63		63		56		56		50		50
RMSE	2.347		1.660		2.411		0.561		2.276		2.063		1.760		1.154		2.840		2.107
R²	0.188		0.172		0.245		0.363		0.160		0.135		0.182		0.228		0.221		0.153
chi2	36.680		28.650		18.020		26.800		20.160		13.340		21.730		20.180		19.410		13.170
(2) Korea	Overall				By Industry (Note 2)								By Scale of Enterprise (Note 3)
(2) Korea	Overall				Secondary Industry				Tertiary Industry				Large Enterprises				Mid-size Enterprises
(Explained Variable)	S1		S2		S1		S2		S1		S2		S1		S2		S1		S2
LN (Regular Male Employee/Capital)	0.373	†	−0.051	**	0.125	†	−0.015	*	0.428	†	−0.076	**	0.347	†	0.001		0.331	†	−0.033	***
LN (Regular Female Employee/Capital)	−0.051	**	0.205	†	−0.015	*	0.050	†	−0.076	**	0.287	†	0.001		0.325	†	−0.033	***	0.092	†
Constant Term	3.450	†	1.917	†	1.304	†	0.483	†	3.850	†	2.572	†	3.877	†	3.778	†	3.193	†	0.791	†
Obs.	241		241		118		118		122		122		55		55		186		186
RMSE	1.131		0.787		0.388		0.138		1.479		1.060		1.536		1.212		0.891		0.225
R²	0.222		0.175		0.148		0.208		0.211		0.193		0.152		0.271		0.282		0.254
chi2	107.630		94.710		49.370		82.250		56.270		63.100		12.470		36.810		93.180		82.120
(3) China	Overall				By Industry (Note 2)								By Scale of Enterprise (Note 3)
(3) China	Overall				Secondary Industry				Tertiary Industry				Large Enterprises				Mid-size Enterprises
(Explained Variable)	S1		S2		S1		S2		S1		S2		S1		S2		S1		S2
LN (Regular Male Employee/Capital)	0.228	†	−0.011	*	0.269	†	−0.020		0.223	†	−0.034	*	0.172	†	0.032	*	0.248	†	−0.035	*
LN (Regular Female Employee/Capital)	−0.011	*	0.185	†	−0.020		0.195	†	−0.034	*	0.208	†	0.032	*	0.148	†	−0.035	*	0.206	†
Constant Term	1.715	†	1.417	†	1.914	†	1.433	†	1.543	†	1.419	†	1.607	†	1.446	†	1.709	†	1.406	†
Obs.	282		282		129		129		153		153		95		95		187		187
RMSE	0.465		0.393		0.560		0.410		0.390		0.384		0.365		0.298		0.507		0.432
R²	0.300		0.309		0.279		0.323		0.320		0.295		0.331		0.399		0.268		0.268
chi2	196.380		188.410		81.020		92.950		136.200		114.240		60.740		80.650		130.970		117.540
(4) Japan	Overall				By Industry (Note 2)								By Scale of Enterprise (Note 3)
(4) Japan	Overall				Secondary Industry				Tertiary Industry				Large Enterprises				Mid-size Enterprises