Algorithm | Parameter | Value |
BBO | ・ Minimum wormhole existence probability | 0.2 |
| ・ Maximum wormhole existence probability | 1 |
GA | ・ Crossover probability | 0.9 |
| ・ Mutation probability | 0.1 |
| ・ Selection mechanisim | Stochastic universal sampling |
PSO | ・ Acceleration constants | [2.1,2.1] |
| ・ Intertia weights | [0.9,0.6] |
DE | ・ Crossover probability | 0.9 |
| ・ Differential weight | 0.5 |
ACO | ・ Initial pheromone (τ) | 1e-06 |
| ・ Pheromone update constant (Q) | 20 |
| ・ Pheromone constant (q) | 1 |
| ・ Global pheromone decay rate () | 0.9 |
| ・ Local pheromone decay rate () | 0.5 |
| ・ Pheromone sensitivity (α) | 1 |
| ・ Visibility sensitivity (β) | 5 |