Morphometric Parameters | Formula/Definition | References |
Area (A) | Plan area of the watershed (km2) GIS software analysis | [7] |
Basin perimeter (P) | Perimeter of the watershed (km) GIS software analysis | [7] |
Stream order | Hierarchical rank | [10] |
Basin length (Lb) | Length of the stream (km) GIS software analysis | [7] |
Mean stream length (Lsm) | Lsm = Lu/Nu (km) where, Lsm = mean stream length Lu = total stream length of all orders Nu = total no. of stream segments of order “u” GIS software analysis | [11] |
Stream length ratio (RL) | RL = Lu/Lu − 1, where Lu − 1 = the total stream length of its next lower order | [7] |
Bifurcation ratio (Rb) | Rb = Nu/Nu + 1, where, Nu + 1 = no. of segments of the next higher order | [14] |
Mean bifurcation ratio (Rbm) | Rbm = average of bifurcation ratio of all orders | [10] |
Drainage density (Dd) | Dd = Lu/A, where, Lu = total stream length of all orders (km) A = area of the watershed (km2) | [7] |
Relief ratio (Rr) | Rr = H/Lb, where, H = total relief Lb = basin length GIS software analysis using DEM | [57] |
Stream frequency (Fs) | Fs = Nu/A, where, Nu = total no. of streams of all orders A = area of the basin (km2) | [6] |
Form factor (Rf) | Rf = A/Lb2, where A = area of the basin (km2) Lb2 = square of the basin length | [7] |
Basin relief (Bh) or Total relief (H) | Bh = h ? h1, where, h = maximum height (m) h1 = minimum height (m) GIS software analysis using DEM | [58] |
Elongation ratio (Re) |
A = area of the basin (km2) Lb = basin length | [14] |
Circularity ratio (Rc) | Rc = 4 × π × A/P2 where, π= 3.14 A = area of the bain (km2) P = perimeter (km) | [11] [13] |
Lemniscate ratio (k) | k = Lb2/4A where, Lb = basin length (km) A = area of basin (km2) | [18] [59] |
Drainage texture (Dt) | Dt = Nu/P, where Nu = total no. of stream segments of order “u” P = perimeter of the watershed (km) | [12] |
Dissection index (Dis) | Dis = Bh/Ra, where, Ra = absolute relief Bh = basin relief or total relief | [60] |
Ruggedness number (Rn) | Rn = Dd*(Bh/1000), where, Bh = basin relief Dd = drainage density | [11] |
Hypsonetric integral (HI) |
H = the weighted mean elevation H = maximum elevation h = minimum elevation | [8] [10] [11] |