| Name | Technique | Limitation |
| RuleChecker | Data Mining | High false negatives |
| X-ray | Taint Analysis | Low path coverage |
| Toddler | Instrumentation | High execution overhead |
| DeltaInfer | Machine Learning | Limited model interpretability |
| iTree | Clustering | Tuning hyper-parameters |
| Mantis | Static Slicing | Sensitivity to inputs |