Study | Sample Size | Tumor Type | Duration of Follow-Up | Number (%) with Distant Metastasis at End of Follow-Up | Mean Time to Metastasis | Percentage with Metastasis-Free Survival | Predictors of Distant Metastasis after Treatment |
Damato et al. 2005 [23] | 349 patients | Choroidal melanoma | Median 3.1 years | 2.5% died from metastasis at 2 years, 10.0% at 5 years, 14.1% at 8 years | -- | -- | Longest basal tumor dimension, tumor height, extraocular tumor extension |
Conway et al. 2006 [9] | 21 patients | Extra large choroidal or ciliochoroidal melanomas | Median 28 months | 3/21 (14.3%) | -- | -- | Characteristics of patients with metastasis (no multivariate modeling performed): Mean age 80.7 years, maximum basal tumor diameter 21 - 24.4 mm |
Mosci et al. 2012 [24] | 72 patients | T3 and T4 choroidal melanomas | Mean 53.4 months |
| -- | 72% at 5 years | -- |
Tran et al. 2012 [25] | 59 patients | Peripapillary choroidal melanoma | Median 63 months | 15/59 (25.4%) | Median 38 months | 82% at 5 years | -- |
Schonfeld et al. 2014 [26] | 18 patients | Choroidal melanoma in intermediate zone of fundus treated with proton beam therapy only | Median 77.2 months | 1/18 patients (5.6%) died from metastasis | -- | -- | -- |