Observed Variables

Latent variables

Non-standardized values

Sd

Standardized values

Information acquisition behavior

Self-directed learning ability

1.346

0.103

0.67

Information acquisition behavior

Innovative learning ability

0.962

0.098

0.765

Information acquisition behavior

Continuous learning ability

0.998

0.111

0.753

Information acquisition behavior

Teamwork ability

1.269

0.096

0.85

Information acquisition behavior

Systematic thinking ability

1.179

0.109

0.621

Self-directed learning ability

Low self-efficacy

−0.358

0.101

−0.167

Self-directed learning ability

Anxiety

−0.509

0.091

−0.353

Self-directed learning ability

Lack of curiosity

−0.425

0.084

−0.258

Innovative learning ability

Weak awareness of problems

−0.564

0.079

−0.413

Innovative learning ability

Insufficient motivation to innovate

−0.364

0.08

−0.236

Continuous learning ability

Poor self-monitoring ability

−0.673

0.091

−0.587

Continuous learning ability

Poor self-regulation

−0.568

0.079

−0.289

Teamwork ability

Inadequate team awareness

−0.453

0.087

−0.356

Teamwork ability

Team slack behavior

−0.616

0.056

−0.399

Systematic thinking ability

Poor information criticism

−0.593

0.078

−0.413

Systematic thinking ability

Poor information criticism

−0.348

0.076

−0.208