Factors

Number of Items

α

Variables

α1

Design Related

5

0.47

Insufficient and ambiguous information in drawings and specifications.

0.36

Delayed delivery of drawings/designs.

0.40

Rework caused by design changes or variation orders.

0.55

The designer carried out inadequate research and analysis in the design phase.

0.36

Insufficient exchange of information between the owner and designer in the design phase.

0.40

Consultant Related

6

0.82

Delayed approval of contractor submissions by the consultant.

0.79

Inadequate qualifications of the engineer’s staff assigned to the project.

0.79

Delayed response from the consultant to contractor inquiries.

0.86

Poor coordination by the consultant with other project stakeholders.

0.75

Delays in inspection, performance, and testing by the consultant.

0.77

Delays in rectifying errors in the contract document.

0.78

Client Related

5

0.44

Client’s delays in making progress payments.

0.38

Owner’s delays in providing and delivering the site to the contractor.

0.47

Owner’s slow decision-making process.

0.36

Client’s limitation of site supervisor’s authority.

0.28

Excessive administrative bureaucracy within the owner’s organization.

0.40

Contractor Related

9

0.73

Inefficient project scheduling and planning.

0.71

Ineffective quality control.

0.70

Improper implementation of construction techniques.

0.71

Delays in mobilizing resources to the construction site.

0.75

Inadequate contractor experience.

0.70

Lack of contractor motivation to achieve early project completion.

0.71

An insufficient technical study during the bidding stage.

0.68

Inadequate communication with other project stakeholders.

0.70

Frequent subcontractor changes due to their inefficient work and inadequate screening processes.

0.70

Labor Related

5

0.77

Inadequate labor productivity.

0.78

Shortage of manpower.

0.71

Lack of skilled labor.

0.72

Workforce strikes by the contractor.

0.72

Low qualifications of the contractor’s technical personnel assigned to the project.

0.73

External Factors

7

0.69

Modifications in government regulations, political interference.

0.62

Impacts of underground conditions.

0.71

Delays in obtaining permits from various government offices.

0.66

Adverse weather conditions at the construction site.

0.65

Unforeseen circumstances.

0.63

Influence of cultural and social factors.

0.61

Government procurement system favoring the lowest bidder.

0.68

Material Related

5

0.80

Delays in material delivery and late ordering.

0.77

Lack of skilled labor.

0.72

Inadequate labor productivity.

0.78

Workforce strikes by the contractor.

0.72

Low qualifications of the contractor’s technical personnel assigned to the project.

0.73