Water Source

A (cm/atms)

J_i (cm/s)

J_i/A (atm)

Δπ (atm)

Δπ (psi)

Δπ per vessel < 60 (psi)

Shedgum/Abqaiq groundwater

0.00808

0.00083

0.10288

0.441

6.48

51.84

Arabian Gulf water

0.00755

0.00056

0.07417

0.470

6.90

55.21

Red Seawater

0.00754

0.00056

0.07430

0.470

6.90

55.20