Nanocatalyst types (NC) | Way to use | Nanomaterials shape | Properties | Ref. |
Pt | Pt/C | nanoparticles | High prices and high stability | [62] [63] [64] [65] |
Bi-component alloys based onto Pt | Pt-Co/C, Pt-Cr/C, Pt-Fe/C, Pt-Ir/C, Pt-Mn/C, Pt-Mo/C, Pt-Ni/C, Pt-Pd/C, Pt-Rh/C, Pt-Ru/C, Pt-W/C | Nanoparticles (d = 4.5 - 8.5 nm), nanofoams, nanodendryts nanotetrahedrs, nanocrystals, nanofilms, frusto-octahedron nanoparticles | Low price, relatively low stability | [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] |
Three-component alloys based onto Pt | Pt-Ru/Al4, Pt-Ru-Cr/C, Pt-Ru-Mn/C, Pt-Ru-Co, Pt-Ru-Nb/C, Pt-Ru-Ni/C, Pt-Ru-Pd/C, Pt-Ru-Rh/C, Pt-Ru-W/C, Pt-Ru-Zr/C, Pt-Re-(MgH2) | Nanoparticles, nanofilms, nanowires | Low price, high durability under special conditions | [78] [79] [80] |
Alloys non Pt-catalyst | Au-Pd/C | Nanoparticles | Low price, un-exhausted resources, relatively low activity | [81] |