Structure

Chemical

composition

Construction

Ref.

Quantum dots

ZnS, CdS, CdTe, ZnSe, CdSe InP, GaAS

core made of nanocrystals and stabilizing ligands

[15] [16] [17]

Nanoparticles

TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, Ag, Pt, Au,

surfaces modified or used in a dispersed state

[18]

Carbon structures

Graphene, nanowire, fullerene, graphene oxides

surfaces modified with polymers, carbon nanotubes: SWCNT—Single Wall Carbon Nanotube (the wall forms one layer with a diameter of 1.2 - 2.0 nm) or MWCNT—Multiwall Carbon Nanotube (a diameter of over 25 nm).

[19] [20] [21]

Films and coats

Nano films deposited onto Au nanoparticles

Nanomaterials developed for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are increasingly integrated into PRR sensors based on a classical prism, providing increased sensitivity and lower detection limits.

[22]

Nano grid,

nano mesh

Nanomesh

3D nanowires are connected horizontally on many levels, showing very regular internal spacing and dimensions, used to produce more efficient batteries, better catalysts, fuel cells and hydrogen production

[23]

Dendrymery, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs)

Nanoparticles suspension in organic solution/solvent (DMSO, DMF, DMAc, NMPy)*

[24] [25]