Particle size

Nanomaterials shape

Graphic characteristics

Dimensional-nanometer size in all directions (x, y, z) 0D

quantum dots, clusters, nanocrystals

one-dimensional nanomaterials, nano size in two perpendicular directions (x, y) 1D

metal nanowires, nanotubes and nanorods, nanofibers, nanorods

two-dimensional nanomaterials, (layers of nano-thickness, single- or multi-phase types, or metal composites containing nanoparticles) 2D

Films and coats, nanofolies, wells, disc

three-dimensional (nanocrystalline) nanomaterials 3D

Polycrystals (tetrahedron, cube, octahedron)