Reference

Active

Element

Number of Active

Element(s)

Number

of GC

Number

of FC

Number. of Resistors

Whether OC

and OF are

Independently Controllable?

[5]

CFOA

1

1

1

3

YES

[6]

CC-II (+)

1

1

1

3

YES

[7]

CC-II (−) + Buffer

2

2

0

3

YES

[8]

PFTFN

1

1

1

3

YES

[9]

PNFTN

1

2

0

4

NO

[10]

NFTFN + Buffer

2

2

0

3

YES

[11]

DVCCC

1

2

0

3

YES

[12]

DVCCC

1

2

0

3/2

YES

[13]

CDBA

1

1 virtually grounded)

1

3

YES( only in second topology of Table 1)

[14]

OTRA

1

1 virtually grounded)

1

3

NO

[15]

CDTA

1

1

1

2

YES

[16]

VD-DIBA

2

2

0

1

YES

[17]

VDIBA

2

1

1

1

NO

[22]

VD-DIBA

1

2

0

2

YES

[23]

VD-DIBA

1

1

1

2

YES

Proposed

VDIBA

2

1

1

1

YES