outer shell charge
attribute
fixed, uniform
mobile
o u t e r s h e l l m a s s e l e c t r o n m a s s = o u t e r s h e l l c h a r g e e l e c t r o n c h a r g e
−156.3
−137.0
c e n t r a l c o r e m a s s e l e c t r o n m a s s = c e n t r a l c o r e c h a r g e e l e c t r o n c h a r g e
157.3
137.0 + 1.0
c e n t r a l c o r e m a s s o u t e r s h e l l m a s s = c e n t r a l c o r e c h a r g e o u t e r s h e l l c h a r g e
− ( 1 + 1 1 5 6 . 3 )
− ( 1 + 1 1 3 7 . 0 )
1 f i n e s t r u c t u r e c o n s t a n t
137.0
c h a r g e r a d i u s c l a s s i c a l e l e c t r o n r a d i u s
1.32
1.15
ellipticity
1.012
1.035