outer shell charge

attribute

fixed, uniform

mobile

o u t e r s h e l l m a s s e l e c t r o n m a s s = o u t e r s h e l l c h a r g e e l e c t r o n c h a r g e

−156.3

−137.0

c e n t r a l c o r e m a s s e l e c t r o n m a s s = c e n t r a l c o r e c h a r g e e l e c t r o n c h a r g e

157.3

137.0 + 1.0

c e n t r a l c o r e m a s s o u t e r s h e l l m a s s = c e n t r a l c o r e c h a r g e o u t e r s h e l l c h a r g e

( 1 + 1 1 5 6 . 3 )

( 1 + 1 1 3 7 . 0 )

1 f i n e s t r u c t u r e c o n s t a n t

137.0

137.0

c h a r g e r a d i u s c l a s s i c a l e l e c t r o n r a d i u s

1.32

1.15

ellipticity

1.012

1.035