Parameter

Juniper

Reference

Pinyon

Reference

Generation time (G)

50 yrs

Li et al. (2011)

20 yrs

Suzan-Azpiri et al. (2002)

Mean dispersal space step (λ)

55 m

Chavez-Ramirez and Slack (1994)

4500 m

Vander Wall and Balda (1977)

Mean dispersal time step (τ)

4 min

Chavez-Ramirez and Slack (1994)

22.5 min

Vander Wall and Balda (1977)

Diffusion (D)

189.1 m2/min

Calculated

225,000 m2/min

Calculated

Mean handling time (b)

14.9 min

Holthuijzen and Adkisson (1984)

52.5 min

Vander Wall and Balda (1977)

Reproductive rate (R0)

1.17 /gen

Tausch and West (1988)

2.04/gen

Tausch and West (1988)

Mortality (ω)

0.0004

Shaw et al. (2005)

0.00155

Shaw et al. (2005)