| EGF, bFGF, BDNF, indomethacin, insulin, and IBMX | Adipose tissue of adult Wistar rat. | Pre-induction with 10 ng/ml of EGF, 20 bFGF, and 10 BDNF for 3 days. Subsequent induction with indomethacin 120 μM, insulin 3 μg/ml, and IBMX 300 μM | 48 hours | 70% and 75% were demonstrated by positive immunofluorescence for Tuj1 and GFAP, respectively. | Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Immunostaining for Tuj1 and GFAP and by WB. | No | [9]
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| EGF, bFGF, B-Me, RA and BDNF | Adipose tissue of adult humans | Pre-induction with β-me 0.1 mM and 4 ng/ml of bFGF for 8 days. Switch to medium with 20 ng/ml EGF and 20 ng/ml bFGF for another 7 days. Subsequent terminal induction with 0.5 mM RA and 10 ng/ml BDNF | 14 days | 96% demonstrated by positive immunofluorescence for Sox1, pax6, and nestin. | Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Increased expression of MAP2 SN5A, NE-NA, MaxiK, KV4.3, KV4.2, KV1.4, EAG1, EAG1, CACNA1C, and CACNA1G. | Presence of voltage-gated sodium current sensitive to TTX, demonstrated by Patch-clamp.
| [85]
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| BDNF | Adult human bone marrow | Induction with 50 ng/ml BDNF | 7 days | 94.7% and 21.5% were demonstrated by positive immunofluorescence for Tuj1 and GABA, respectively. | Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Immunostaining for Tuj1 and GABA. Increased expression of nestin, ChAT, and GAD67 by RT-PCR | No | [86] |