Variables

Volume of CO2

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) (Log)

−0.001

(0.992)

0.039

(0.208)

−0.049

(0.267)

-

-

0.009

(0.649)

-

Tax expenditure (TE)

0.01

(0.313)

0.016***

(0.001)

-

0.011**

(0.28)

0.009**

(0.13)

-

-

FDI*TE(Log)

0.041

(0.755)

-

0.078**

(0.041)

0.04

(0.137)

-

-

0.039***

(0.01)

Growth in Gross Domestic Product (Log)

1.552***

(0.000)

1.737***

(0.000)

0.91***

(0.000)

1.597***

(0.000)

1.078***

(0.000)

0.41***

(0.000)

0.917***

(0.004)

Renewable Energy Consumptio (Log)

−0.259

(0.56)

−0.079

(0.846)

−1.001***

(0.009)

−0.211

(0.623)

−0.844**

(0.048)

−1.123***

(0.000)

−1.075

(0.553)

Domestic Investment (Log)

−0.067

(0.598)

−0.086

(0.536)

−0.023

(0.776)

−0.07

(0.579)

−0.014

(0.884)

0.108*

(0.052)

−0.045

(0.763)

Renewable Electricity Generation (Log)

0.015

(0.856)

0.014

(0.848)

0.013

(0.867)

0.014

(0.86)

0.04

(0.63)

0.056

(0.199)

0.023

(0.331)

Industrial Sector (Log)

−0.154

(0.361)

−0.116

(0.505)

−0.107

(0.338)

−0.152

(0.364)

−0.117

(0.393)

0.097

(0.336)

−0.108

(0.815)

Commercial Opening (Log)

−0.178

(0.414)

−0.266

(0.244)

0.036

(0.792)

−0.194

(0.363)

−0.004

(0.979)

0.336***

(0.001)

0.032***

(0.01)

Constant

0.062

(0.984)

−1.642

(0.579)

6.48***

(0.005)

−0.379

(0.898)

4.834*

(0.073)

8.488***

(0.000)

6.866***

(0.003)

R² within

0.631

0.585

0.809

0.620

0.710

0.750

0.809

R² between

0.952

0.964

0.781

0.956

0.867

0.298

0.730

R² Overall

0.943***

0.955***

0.767***

0.947***

0.857***

0.310***

0.720***

Prob > F

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

Breush-Pagan

0.3420

0.3297

0.2022

0.3081

0.3234

0.000

0.0347

Hausman

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000