Variables

Volume of CO₂

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) (Log)

−0.083

(0.537)

−0.002

(0.963)

0.268***

(0.002)

-

-

0.014

(0.821)

-

Tax Expenditure (TE)

0.017

(0.088)

0.023***

(0.000)

−

0.022

(0.901)

0.023***

(0.000)

-

-

FDI*TE (Log)

0.077***

(0.000)

-

0.259***

(0.000)

0.004***

(0.001)

-

-

0.069***

(0.000)

Growth in Gross Domestic Product (Log)

1.979

(0.601)

1.944***

(0.000)

2.135***

(0.000)

1.95***

(0.000)

1.945***

(0.000)

1.579***

(0.000)

2.268**

(0.018)

Renewable Energy Consumptio (Log)

−0.042

(0.81)

0.091

(0.733)

0.407

(0.109)

0.104

(0.704)

0.094

(0.716)

0.243

(0.485)

0.647

(0.768)

Domestic Investment (Log)

−0.042

(0.662)

−0.065

(0.7)

0.017

(0.921)

−0.067

(0.69)

−0.066

(0.69)

0.214

(0.198)

−0.056

(0.941)

Renewable Electricity Generation (Log)

0.024

(0.617)

0.023

(0.675)

0.024

(0.675)

0.022

(0.686)

0.023

(0.673)

0.201***

(0.002)

0.005

(0.263)

Industrial Sector (Log)

0.094

(0.19)

0.157

(0.318)

−0.042

(0.812)

0.159

(0.301)

0.159

(0.297)

0.934***

(0.000)

0.197*

(0.056)

Commercial Opening (Log)

−0.313

(0.531)

−0.338

(0.149)

−0.299

(0.221)

−0.34

(0.145)

−0.339

(0.141)

−0.708***

(0.004)

−0.506**

(0.032)

Constant

−5.023

(0.071)

−4.476*

(0.087)

−7.145

(0.006)

−4.564*

(0.085)

−4.492*

(0.079)

−4.345*

(0.075)

−8.366***

(0.004)

R-squared

0.965

0.965

0.962

0.965

0.965

0.687

0.952

F-test

119.403

136.323

127.376

136.370

159.683

46.786

117.143

Number of obs

49

49

49

49

49

49

49

Prob>F

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000