OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Testing group

−0.392***

−0.434***

-

−0.666*

-

−0.773*

(0.148)

(0.160)

-

(0.388)

-

(0.458)

Male

−0.094

−0.104

0.041

−0.080

0.001

−0.103

(0.128)

(0.125)

(0.063)

(0.130)

(−0.060)

(0.124)

Age

−0.011

−0.008

0.002

−0.006

0.009

−0.001

(0.014)

(0.014)

(0.008)

(0.014)

(0.008)

(0.016)

Spouse

−0.212

−0.213

−0.184**

−0.265

−0.159**

−0.267

(0.160)

(0.162)

(0.075)

(0.173)

(0.074)

(0.176)

Volunteerism

−0.153

−0.154

−0.038

−0.158

−0.035

−0.159

(0.126)

(0.126)

(0.062)

(0.123)

(0.058)

(0.124)

COVID-19

0.231***

0.235***

−0.013

0.227***

0.001

0.236***

(0.071)

(0.072)

(0.033)

(0.072)

(0.030)

(0.071)

Self-transcendence

−0.409***

−0.413***

−0.028

−0.413***

−0.037

−0.422***

(0.083)

(0.083)

(0.047)

(0.083)

(0.043)

(0.084)

General education

-

-

0.253***

-

0.214***

-

-

-

(0.062)

-

(0.055)

-

Constant

4.707***

4.765***

0.244**

4.828***

0.410

4.969***

(0.551)

(0.550)

(0.301)

(0.549)

(0.270)

(0.574)

Country fixed effects?

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Observation (N)

207

207

206

206

206

206

R-squared (R²)

0.175

0.177

-

-

-

-

F-statistic

-

-

-

16.76

-

15.40