OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Testing group

−0.223

−0.189

-

−0.263

-

−0.243

(0.175)

(0.193)

-

(0.486)

-

(0.583)

Male

−0.257

−0.249

0.041

−0.264

0.001

−0.260

(0.165)

(0.164)

(0.063)

(0.161)

(0.060)

(0.160)

Age

−0.011

−0.012

0.002

−0.011

0.009

−0.012

(0.016)

(0.017)

(0.008)

(0.017)

(0.008)

(0.019)

Spouse

−0.306

−0.305

−0.184**

−0.288

−0.159**

−0.288

(0.204)

(0.203)

(0.075)

(0.212)

(0.074)

(0.212)

Volunteerism

−0.137

−0.136

−0.037

−0.115

−0.035

−0.114

(0.166)

(0.170)

(0.062)

(0.166)

(0.058)

(0.166)

COVID-19

0.157*

0.156*

−0.013

0.167*

0.001

0.165*

(0.083)

(0.091)

(0.033)

(0.088)

(0.030)

(0.089)

Self-transcendence

−0.379***

−0.377***

−0.028

−0.390***

−0.037

−0.388***

(0.126)

(0.118)

(0.047)

(0.114)

(0.043)

(0.114)

General education

-

-

0.253***

-

0.214***

-

-

-

(0.062)

-

(0.055)

-

Constant

5.220***

5.174***

0.556**

5.279***

0.410

5.252***

(0.759)

(0.765)

(0.216)

(0.759)

(0.270)

(0.799)

Country fixed effects?

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Observation (N)

207

207

206

206

206

206

R-squared (R²)

0.095

0.096

-

-

-

-

F-statistic

-

-

-

16.76

-

15.40