OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

1st Stage

2nd Stage

1st Stage

2nd Stage

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Testing group

−0.047

−0.103

-

−0.055

-

−0.122

(0.114)

(0.126)

-

(0.270)

-

(0.312)

Male

0.007

−0.007

0.040

0.004

0.001

−0.011

(0.105)

(0.108)

(0.063)

(0.104)

(0.060)

(0.105)

Age

0.005

0.007

0.001

0.004

0.008

0.007

(0.011)

(0.011)

(0.008)

(0.012)

(0.008)

(0.012)

Spouse

0.024

0.023

−0.185**

0.031

−0.159**

0.030

(0.131)

(0.131)

(0.075)

(0.139)

(0.074)

(0.138)

Volunteerism

0.030

0.029

−0.035

0.039

−0.031

0.038

(0.106)

(0.106)

(0.062)

(0.104)

(0.059)

(0.104)

COVID-19

−0.091

−0.086

−0.011

−0.087

0.003

−0.082

(0.060)

(0.061)

(0.034)

(0.060)

(0.030)

(0.060)

Self-transcendence

0.247**

0.242**

−0.027

0.243**

−0.036

0.237**

(0.097)

(0.098)

(0.047)

(0.096)

(0.043)

(0.645)

General education

-

-

0.254***

-

0.215***

-

-

-

(0.062)

-

(0.054)

-

Constant

2.125***

2.202***

0.241

2.143***

0.408

2.232***

(0.602)

(0.617)

(0.301)

(0.612)

(0.271)

(0.645)

Country fixed effects?

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Observation (N)

206

206

205

205

205

205

R-squared (R2)

0.052

0.057

-

-

-

-

F-statistic

-

-

-

16.89

-

15.59