OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Testing group

−0.196

−0.279

-

−1.017**

-

−1.291**

(0.190)

(0.206)

-

(0.472)

-

(0.543)

Male

−0.443***

−0.463***

0.041

−0.406**

0.001

−0.466***

(0.153)

(0.155)

(0.063)

(0.168)

(0.060)

(0.175)

Age

0.016

0.020

0.002

0.027

0.009

0.040*

(0.017)

(0.017)

(0.008)

(0.020)

(0.008)

(0.024)

Spouse

−0.136

−0.138

−0.184**

−0.285

−0.159**

−0.291

(0.210)

(0.210)

(0.075)

(0.249)

(0.074)

(0.255)

Volunteerism

0.303*

0.301*

−0.038

0.299*

−0.035

0.294*

(0.162)

(0.162)

(0.062)

(0.162)

(0.058)

(0.163)

COVID-19

−0.063

−0.057

−0.013

−0.070

0.001

−0.049

(0.086)

(0.086)

(0.033)

(0.092)

(0.030)

(0.092)

Self-transcendence

0.289**

0.281**

−0.028

0.273**

−0.037

0.249**

(0.111)

(0.112)

(0.047)

(0.764)

(0.043)

(0.121)

General education

-

-

0.253***

-

0.214***

-

-

-

(0.062)

-

(0.055)

-

Constant

0.717

0.831

0.244

1.096

0.410

1.457*

(0.677)

(0.689)

(0.301)

(0.764)

(0.270)

(0.804)

Country fixed effects?

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Observation (N)

207

207

206

206

206

206

R-squared (R²)

0.121

0.123

-

-

-

-

F-statistic

-

-

-

16.76

-

15.40