OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Testing group

−0.118

−0.041

-

−0.451

-

−0.440

(0.117)

(0.129)

-

(0.363)

-

(0.434)

Male

−0.256**

−0.238**

0.040

−0.244**

0.001

−0.241**

(0.117)

(0.118)

(0.063)

(0.118)

(0.060)

(0.118)

Age

−0.001

−0.005

0.001

0.004

0.008

0.003

(0.011)

(0.011)

(0.008)

(0.013)

(0.008)

(0.015)

Spouse

0.147

0.149

−0.185**

0.093

−0.159**

0.093

(0.145)

(0.145)

(0.075)

(0.160)

(0.074)

(0.160)

Volunteerism

0.127

0.129

−0.035

0.132

−0.031

0.132

(0.136)

(0.136)

(0.062)

(0.134)

(0.059)

(0.134)

COVID-19

−0.125**

−0.131**

−0.011

−0.124**

0.003

−0.125*

(0.063)

(0.064)

(0.034)

(0.062)

(0.030)

(0.064)

Self-transcendence

0.168*

0.174*

−0.027

0.159*

−0.036

0.160*

(0.090)

(0.090)

(0.047)

(0.089)

(0.043)

(0.089)

General education

-

-

0.254***

-

0.215***

-

-

-

(0.062)

-

(0.054)

-

Constant

2.868***

2.763***

0.241

3.031***

0.408

3.017***

(0.575)

(0.588)

(0.301)

(0.569)

(0.271)

(0.597)

Country fixed effects?

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Observation (N)

206

206

205

205

205

205

R-squared (R²)

0.071

0.080

-

-

-

-

F-statistic

-

-

-

16.89

-

15.59