OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

2SLS

2SLS

1st Stage

2nd Stage

1st Stage

2nd Stage

Interaction

Interaction

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

Testing group

0.789***

0.147

-

1.060**

-

0.378

0.497**

0.088

(0.183)

(0.194)

-

(0.449)

-

(0.414)

(0.203)

(0.070)

Male

0.051

−0.092

0.041

0.037

0.003

−0.093

−0.091

−0.105

(0.182)

(0.146)

(0.064)

(0.180)

(0.061)

(0.143)

(0.144)

(0.144)

Age

−0.047**

−0.016

0.002

−0.051***

0.009

−0.021

−0.020

−0.023

(0.018)

(0.017)

(0.008)

(0.019)

(0.008)

(0.020)

(0.016)

(0.020)

Spouse

0.193

0.210

−0.176**

0.245

−0.147*

0.245

0.259

0.261

(0.225)

(0.192)

(0.076)

(0.231)

(0.075)

(0.196)

0.194

(0.198)

Volunteerism

0.348*

0.345**

−0.033

0.353*

−0.028

0.349**

-

0.364**

(0.206)

(0.168)

(0.063)

(0.204)

(0.059)

(0.167)

-

(0.164)

COVID-19

−0.146

−0.091

−0.011

−0.143

0.003

−0.092

−0.107

−0.088

(0.090)

(0.079)

(0.034)

(0.089)

(0.030)

(0.077)

(0.077)

(0.075)

Self-transcendence

0.155

0.096

−0.026

0.158

−0.036

0.102

0.097

-

(0.128)

(0.106)

(0.047)

(0.126)

(0.043)

(0.104)

(0.103)

-

General education

-

-

0.247***

-

0.207***

-

-

-

-

-

(0.062)

-

(0.055)

-

-

-

Constant

2.700***

3.590***

0.239

2.589***

0.409

3.458***

3.761***

3.944***

(0.780)

0.648

(0.302)

(0.754)

(0.271)

(0.604)

(0.609)

(0.432)

Fixed effects

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Observation

203

203

203

203

203

203

203

203

R-squared

0.149

0.403

-

-

-

-

-

-

F-statistic

-

-

-

15.74

-

14.27

156.42

10.65

Hansen J statistic

(Overidentification test of all instruments):

0.077

0.156

Chi-sq (1) P-val =

0.781

0.693