OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Testing group

−0.256

−0.381**

-

−0.356

-

−0.532

(0.161)

(0.182)

-

(0.396)

-

(0.473)

Male

0.049

0.021

0.027

0.055

−0.008

0.022

(0.158)

(0.159)

(0.062)

(0.156)

(0.060)

(0.156)

Age

0.001

0.007

0.002

0.002

0.009

0.010

(0.016)

(0.018)

(0.008)

(0.017)

(0.008)

(0.020)

Spouse

−0.158

−0.161

−0.182**

−0.183

−0.158**

−0.189

(0.206)

(0.210)

(0.075)

(0.214)

(0.074)

(0.218)

Volunteerism

−0.274*

−0.278*

−0.041

−0.281*

−0.037

−0.284*

(0.164)

(0.163)

(0.062)

(0.162)

(0.058)

(0.162)

COVID-19

0.014

0.025

−0.021

0.010

−0.005

0.024

(0.082)

(0.081)

(0.033)

(0.082)

(0.031)

(0.079)

Self-transcendence

−0.126

−0.136

−0.032

−0.125

−0.040

−0.139

(0.115)

(0.116)

(0.046)

(0.113)

(0.042)

(0.113)

General education

-

-

0.267***

-

0.224***

-

-

-

(0.063)

-

−(0.057)

-

Constant

4.134***

4.306***

0.241**

4.170***

0.404

4.390***

(0.730)

(0.723)

(0.302)

(0.714)

(0.271)

(0.717)

Country fixed effects?

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Observation (N)

206

206

205

205

205

205

R-squared (R²)

0.037

0.052

-

-

-

-

F-statistic

-

-

-

17.59

-

15.56