OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Testing group

0.063

0.132

-

−0.804

-

−0.905

(0.173)

(0.192)

-

(0.524)

-

(0.625)

Male

0.223

0.240

0.049

0.280

0.008

0.258

(0.163)

(0.167)

(0.063)

(0.181)

(0.059)

(0.181)

Age

0.025

0.022

0.001

0.039**

0.008

0.043*

(0.016)

(0.017)

(0.008)

(0.019)

(0.008)

(0.022)

Spouse

−0.246

−0.244

−0.173**

−0.421**

−0.149**

−0.423*

(0.198)

(0.197)

(0.076)

(0.211)

(0.075)

(0.217)

Volunteerism

−0.122

−0.120

−0.031

−0.147

−0.029

−0.149

(0.161)

(0.161)

(0.062)

(0.171)

(0.058)

(0.172)

COVID-19

0.073

0.067

−0.016

0.052

−0.002

0.060

(0.081)

(0.082)

(0.033)

(0.084)

(0.030)

(0.083)

Self-transcendence

−0.116

−0.110

−0.020

−0.114

−0.030

−0.123

(0.108)

(0.109)

(0.047)

(0.111)

(0.043)

(0.112)

General education

-

-

0.253***

-

-

-

-

(0.062)

-

-

Constant

3.100***

3.006***

0.207

3.423***

0.377

3.556***

(0.697)

(0.707)

(0.300)

(0.706)

(0.270)

(0.740)

Country fixed effects?

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Observation (N)

206

206

205

205

205

205

R-squared (R²)

0.047

0.054

-

-

-

-

F-statistic

-

-

-

16.53

-

15.17