OLS

OLS

2SLS

2SLS

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

1^st Stage

2^nd Stage

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Testing group

0.738***

0.553**

-

0.826*

-

0.639

(0.218)

(0.248)

-

(0.491)

-

(0.574)

Male

−0.127

−0.171

0.047

−0.137

0.007

−0.178

(0.202)

(0.198)

(0.063)

(0.201)

(0.059)

(0.194)

Age

−2.15e−06

0.009

0.001

0.002

0.008

0.007

(0.019)

(0.019)

(0.008)

(0.019)

(0.008)

(0.022)

Spouse

−0.351

−0.355

−0.170**

−0.322

−0.147**

−0.326

(0.252)

(0.252)

(0.076)

(0.254)

(0.074)

(0.254)

Volunteerism

−0.049

−0.055

−0.026

−0.038

−0.024

−0.041

(0.216)

(0.218)

(0.061)

(0.214)

(0.058)

(0.215)

COVID-19

0.154

0.168

−0.023

0.161

−0.008

0.175*

(0.103)

(0.102)

(0.033)

(0.102)

(0.030)

(0.101)

Self-transcendence

−0.376**

−0.392***

−0.027

−0.380***

−0.036

−0.396***

(0.144)

(0.144)

(0.047)

(0.142)

(0.043)

(0.143)

General education

-

-

0.266***

-

-

-

-

-

(0.063)

-

-

-

Constant

4.629***

4.879***

0.231

4.608***

0.395

4.856***

(0.920)

(0.943)

(0.300)

(0.926)

(0.270)

(0.976)

Country fixed effects?

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Observation (N)

206

206

205

205

205

205

R-squared (R²)

0.096

0.113

-

-

-

-

F-statistic

-

-

-

17.67

-

16.22