Region

Sample Type

²²⁶Ra series

²³²Th series

⁴⁰K

Reference

Algeria

Stone

16 ± 3

13 ± 2

36 ± 3

[11]

Italy

Stone

11

2.0 ± 2.0

22 ± 3

[30]

Egypt

Stone

27.8 ± 1.4

46.6 ± 2.3

66 ± 3.3

[31]

KSA

Stone

28.6 ± 4.2

49.2 ± 2.5

66 ± 3.6

[17]

India

Stone

46 ± 8

57 ± 12

432 ± 64

[12]

Pakistan

Lime Stone

28.4 ± 8.7

11.3 ± 1.7

63.1 ± 17.3

[32]

Present study

Stone

8 - 16

12 - 18

230 - 803

Turkey

Sand

38.8 ± 10.0

29.5 ± 11.3

471 ± 101

[14]

Algeria

Sand

12 ± 1

7 ± 1

74 ± 7

[11]

China

Sand

40.7 ± 4.3

21.5 ± 5.6

303 ± 3

[10]

Greece

Sand

18 ± 7

17 ± 10

367 ± 204

[15]

Qatar

Sand

13.2 ± 0.3

3.3 ± 0.1

226 ± 6

[33]

Cuba

Sand

17 ± 4

16 ± 6

208 ± 104

[34]

Present study

Sand

12 - 18

5 - 24

138 - 497

Turkey

Cement

49.8 ± 5.8

17.3 ± 2.2

246 ± 20

[14]

Greece

Cement

20 ± 5

13 ± 3

247 ± 68

[15]

Algeria

Cement

41 ± 7

27 ± 3

422 ± 3

[11]

Qatar

Cement

23.4 ± 0.6

12.2 ± 0.2

159 ± 4

[33]

Nigeria

Cement

43.8

21.5

72

[19]

Cuba

Cement

23 ± 7

11 ± 3

467 ± 85

[34]

China

Cement

56.5

36.5

173.2

[10]

South Korea

Cement

34.5 ± 1.7

19.4 ± 1.5

241 ± 7

[35]

India

Cement

54 ± 13

65 ± 10

440 ± 91

[12]

Pakistan

Cement

34.2 ± 11.9

29.1 ± 3.6

295.1 ± 66.9

[32]

Present study

Cement

15 - 34

14 - 24

213 - 426

South Korea

Tile

44 - 82

34 - 96

310 - 1019

[35]

Greece

Ceramics

25 - 174

29 - 47

411 - 786

[13]

Egypt

Ceramics

61 - 118

55 - 98

730 - 1050

[36]

India

Ceramics

28

64

24

[37]

China

Ceramic tile

73

62

480

[4]

Turkey

Ceramic tile

96

53 - 69

290 - 579

[3]

Italy

Porous Tile

53 ± 15

53 ± 12

411 - 996

[16]

Present study

Tile

17 - 80

10 - 59

207 - 655

Algeria

Marble chip

23 ± 2

18 ± 2

310 ± 3

[11]

Egypt

Marble

205 ± 83

72

870 ± 3.9

[18]

Turkey

Marble

5.4 ± 4.8

4.9 ± 3.8

49.7 ± 19

[3]

Present study

Marble

14 - 21

16 - 19

237 - 243