| Teaching method | Clinical thinking ability | Self-learning ability | Communication and teamwork ability |
| Control group | 6.09 ± 0.71 | 5.71 ± 0.68 | 5.59 ± 0.56 |
| Test group | 8.77 ± 0.86 | 8.94 ± 0.85 | 8.65 ± 0.85 |
| U value | 10 | 2 | 2 |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |