Study variables

Males

Females

t

p

Effect size

Time pressure

18.57

20.17

5.25

<.001

.46

Low student motivation

12.99

13.05

.14

>.05

.01

Lack of supervisory support

7.32

7.34

.1

>.05

.01

Value conflicts

5.71

5.06

−3.1

<.01

.28

Conflicts with colleagues

2.85

2.75

−.79

>.05

.07

Student diversity

14.45

14.81

1.24

>.05

.11

Discipline problems

8.04

8.21

.55

>.05

.05

Self-efficacy

118.85

116.64

−1.61

>.05

.14

Emotional stress

15.84

18.46

6.24

<.001

.54

Emotional exhaustion

15.87

17.8

3.1

<.01

.27

Engagement

50.51

51.71

1.53

>.05

.14

Motivation to quit

6.61

6.27

−1.07

>.05

.1