Support | China | United States | South Afreica |
Operating concessions | The ministry of commerce granted the wholesale operation qualification of refined oil to 3 CTL enterprises in 2009 and 2010 | - | In 1947, the South African government allocated liquid fuel production licenses to Anglovaal. Since 1954, the South African government has required all gas stations to have Sasol pumps (the Blue Pump). |
Joint venture | Most CTL enterprises such as shenhua, yankuang and lu’an are state-owned enterprises | In 1975, the United States government participated in the investment of the great plain CTG project. In 1980, the state-owned United States synthetic oil company was established to direCTLy invest in the construction of CTL projects. In 2007, the U.S. air force invested in the construction of a 1.5 Mt/a CTL plant at Malmstrom air force base | Sasol, a state-owned CTL company founded by the South African government in 1950, now operates the largest scale of CTL project in the world |
Direct subsidy | In 1998, the state council of China allocated 11 billion Yuan of coal-replacing-oil fund to Shenhua. R & d grants from MOST, NDRC and NSFC | Since 2007, the U.S. government has allocated $8 billion to various coal-power and gasification projects. In 2016, the US Navy, DOE and USDA allocated 210 Million USD to three BTL companies | Since 1989, the South African government has allocated a total of R6 billion to SASOLouth Africa continues to subsidize production for all refiners. The South African government has subsidised Sasol’s production of CTL with petrol taxes since 1970 |
government purchases | The logistics department of the Chinese air force tested Shenhua CTL as jet fuel (2012); China aerospace science and technology corporation tests Shenhua coal-based rocket fuel (2015) | In 2006, Edward air force base purchased Syntroleum’s coal-based synthetic oil to test jet fuel. US Great Green Fleet purchases biofuels in 2013 and 2016 | ? |
loan guarantee | Preferential loans from China development bank for key CTL projects; State-owned Banks guarantee loans for coal-to-oil projects. | In 2005, the U.S. government began offering loan guarantees for commercialization of new energy technologies, including CTL | ? |
Tax breaks | In 2017, the Ningxia government applied to the central government for reduction of consumption tax on refined oil products for the CTL demonstration project | From 2005 to 2009, the U.S. government granted tax breaks for alternative fuels | ? |
Tariff | No | No | fuel tariffs |
Mineral resource allocation | Since 2004, the Chinese government has given priority of coal resources to CTL industry | No | No |