| Prevention of Nephrolithiasis | |
| Factor Category | Guidance |
| Hydration | Encourage adequate hydration. If prior history of nephrolithiasis, encourage fluid intake > 2.5 L/day |
| Sodium intake | Encourage less than 2300 mg sodium/day |
| Fruit and vegetable intake | Encourage 5 to 7 servings a day |
| Body weight | Encourage BMI between: 18.5 - 22.9 kg/m2 (Asian) or: 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2 (all other races) |
| Non-contact weight bearing physical activity | Encourage minimum of 150 min/week of moderate intensity activity (adults); 60 min/day (children and adolescents) |
| Calcium intake | 1000 mg/day (adults < 50 years) with focus on dietary sources. Limit supplemental calcium to 500 mg Ca (elemental) per day |
| 25OH Vitamin D | Maintain between: 30 - 50 ng/mL (75 - 125 nmol/L) |
| Manage Diabetes | Maintain serum fructosamine < 270 umol/L |
| Transfusion therapy | Optimize therapy to reduce ineffective erythropoiesis |
| Vitamin C supplements | Avoid supplements > 1000 mg/day |
| Hypogonadism | Focus on prevention and management of hypogonadism |
| Chelator therapy | Monitor adverse effects of chelators on zinc, phosphate and calcium excretion |