| Background characteristics |
|
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 59.53 ± 16.81 |
| Sex (male) | 96 (48) |
| Urban environment, N (%) | 92 (46) |
| Formal education, number of years |
|
| · ≤8% | 41 |
| · 9% - 12% | 49 |
| · >12% | 10 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 12.3 ± 8.23 |
| Hb A1c (mean ± SD) | 9.71 ± 1.81 |
| Diabetic complications |
|
| · Neuropathy (N, %) | 116 (58) |
| · Retinopathy (N, %) | 130 (65) |
| · Nephropathy (N, %) | 96 (48) |
| · Peripheral vascular disease (N, %) | 75 (35) |
| History of foot ulcers (N, %) | 15 (7.5) |