| I. Attachment |
| -Uncertainty about the reliability and predictability of the world |
| -Problems with boundaries |
| -Distrust and suspiciousness |
| -Social isolation |
| -Interpersonal difficulties |
| -Difficulty attuning to other people’s emotional states |
| -Difficulty with perspective taking |
| -Difficulty enlisting other people as allies |
| II. Biology |
| -Sensorimotor developmental problems |
| -Hypersensitivity to physical contact |
| -Analgesia |
| -Problems with coordination, balance, body tone |
| -Difficulties localizing skin contact |
| -Somatization |
| -Increased medical problems across a wide span, e.g., pelvic pain, asthma, skin problems, autoimmune disorders, pseudo-seizures |
| III. Affect Regulation |
| -Difficulty with emotional self-regulation |
| -Difficulty describing feelings and internal experience |
| -Problems knowing and describing internal states |
| -Difficulty communicating wishes and desires |
| IV. Dissociation |
| -Distinct alterations in states of consciousness |
| -Amnesia |
| -Depersonalization and derealization |
| -Two or more distinct states of consciousness, with impaired memory for state-based events |
| V. Behavioral Control |
| -Poor modulation of impulses |
| -Self-destructive behavior |
| -Aggression against others |
| -Pathological self-soothing behaviors |
| -Sleep disturbances |
| -Eating disorders |
| -Substance abuse |
| -Excessive compliance |
| -Oppositional behavior |
| -Difficulty understanding and complying with rules |
| -Communication of traumatic past by re-enactment in day-to-day behavior or play |