Sucrose Preculture (M/days)

PVS2 exposure time

(min)

Thermal

cycle

Thermal

event

Onset

(˚C)

Enthalpy

(J∙g−1)

0.5/3d

0

Cooling

Warming

Ice N

Ice M

−18.90 ± 0.28

−17.57 ± 1.46

185.50 ± 1.33

192.45 ± 1.07

0.5/3d

45

Cooling

Warming

Ice N

Ice M

−29.73 ± 0.88

−46.34 ± 2.06

41.24 ± 0.33

36.10 ± 0.42

0.5/3d

60

Cooling

Warming

Ice N

Ice M

−37.98 ± 1.04

−48.64 ± 0.51

26.78 ± 0.54

22.30 ± 0.48

0.5/3d

75

Cooling

Warming

No event observed

No event observed

NA*

NA

NA

NA

0.5/3d

90

Cooling

Warming

No event observed

No event observed

NA

NA

NA

NA

0.5/5d

0

Cooling

Warming

Ice N

Ice M

−20.76 ± 0.93

−21.44 ± 0.43

162.90 ± 1.19

150.23 ± 5.10

0.5/5d

45

Cooling

Warming

Ice N

Ice M

−30.65 ± 1.27

−48.42 ± 1.66

32.30 ± 1.17

30.77 ± 0.61

0.5/5d

60

Cooling

Warming

Ice N

Ice M

−39.07 ± 1.48

−50.51 ± 2.91

18.35 ± 0.57

15.19 ± 1.59

0.5/5d

75

Cooling

Warming

No event observed

No event observed

NA*

NA

NA

NA

0.5/5d

90

Cooling

Warming

No event observed

No event observed

NA*

NA

NA

NA

0.75/3d

0

Cooling

Warming

Ice N

Ice M

−22.42 ± 0.61

−26.07 ± 0.275

157.10 ± 2.77

116.83 ± 4.05

0.75/3d

45

Cooling

Warming

Ice N

Ice M

−37.09 ± 0.87

−45.87 ± 0.83

35.10 ± 0.89

25.07 ± 0.72

0.75/3d

60 - 90

No event observed

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA*

NA

0.75/5d

0

Cooling

Warming

Ice N

Ice M

−22.95 ± 0.41

−−25.16 ± 0.28

149.50 ± 1.87

111.27 ± 0.92

0.75/5d

45

Cooling

Warming

Ice N

Ice M

−39.58 ± 0.02

−46.41 ± 0.04

32.57 ± 0.08

23.86 ± 0.04

0.75/5d

60 - 90

No event observed

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA*

NA