Variable

Laparoscopic group (n = 12)

Open group (n = 13)

P value

Age

54 ± 12

52 ± 12

0.469

Sex (male/female)

5/7

4/9

0.688

Pathological staging (I/II/II)

3/4/5

2/4/7

0.781

Differentiation of adenocarcinoma (poorly/moderately/well)

4/6/2

2/5/6

0.256