Null Hypothesis:

Current Price

Fixed Price

F-Statistic

P-value

F-Statistic

P-value

LnV does not Granger Cause LnEn

10.3157

0.0083

11.3039

0.0063

LnEn does not Granger Cause LnV

1.6164

0.2301

1.6805

0.2214

LnC does not Granger Cause LnEn

13.5591

0.0036

15.1575

0.0025

LnEn does not Granger Cause LnC

0.2793

0.6077

0.2498

0.6270