Average Force

Bi-Wing (Baseline Computational Procedure)

Quad-Wing (Fore-and Hind-Wings, simultaneous

Quad-Wing Flapping 90^o Phase Difference

Quad-Wing Pitching 90˚ Phase Difference

Quad-Wing Flapping & Pitching 90˚ Phase Difference

Quad-Wing Flapping & Pitching 180˚ Phase Difference

Lift (N)

0.2108

0.3503

0.4391

0.4378

0.4096

0.4613

Drag (N)

0.090

0.1629

0.4270

0.2817

0.1928

0.4882

Thrust (N)

0.2768

0.7902

0.8770

0.4793

0.5580

0.7753