Description of Component

Equation

Value

Average Surface Temperature

Th

288.15˚K (59˚F)

Average Temperature of Bottom of Clouds

Tl

274.8˚K (35˚F)

Area under Clouds

A

0.67

Emissivity of the Surface

e

0.937

Stefan-Boltzmann Constant

σ

5.670373 × 10−8 watts/m2∙K4

Absorption by Clouds

e

1

Calculated Energy Flux

U

28.7 watts/m2

Increased Flux by 12% (Paragraph 2.5)

U

32 watts/m2