Methods

Image Density

Number of frames

Dimensions

principles

Remarks

Direct cross-correlation method

(Adrian, R. J. (1991) [1] )

High

2

2

Maximum value of cross-correlation coefficient

Widely used in all the PIV, heavy computation

Minimum quadratic difference

(Gui, L. C. and Merzkirch, W. (1996) [5] )

High

1, 2

2

Minimum quadratic difference

Fair computation, good tracking property

Absolute gray level difference

(Kaga, A., Inoue, Y. and Yamaguchi, K. (1994) [6] )

High

2

2

Minimum summation of absolute value of brightness difference

Fast computation, fair tracking property

Auto-correlation method

(Adrian, R. J. (1991) [1] )

High

1

1

Maximum value of cross-correlation coefficient

Direction ambiguity

BICC

(Yamamoto, F., Wada, A., Iguchi, M. and Ishikawa, M. (1996) [7] )

Medium, Low

2, 3

2, 3

Maximum value of binary image cross-correlation

Widely used, good tracking, fast computation, the occurrence of some erroneous vectors

DT-PTV

(Song, X., Yamamoto, F., Iguchi, M. and Murai, Y. (1999) [8] )

Medium, Low

2

2, 3

Pattern tracked by Delaunay Triangles

Good tracking, fast computation, removing erroneous vectors automatically, fit for rotational flow, easier rearrangement

VGT

(Ishikawa, M. et al. (2000) [9] )

Medium, Low

2

2, 3

Pattern tracked by velocity tensor

Good tracking, fast computation, fit for rotational and shear flow, the occurrence of some erroneous vectors

Spring model

(Okamoto, K., Hassan, Y. A. and Schmidl, W. D. (1995) [10] )

Medium, Low

2

2, 3

Pattern tracked by constructed spring net

Good tracking, fast computation, fit for rotational and shear flow, the occurrence of some erroneous vectors

4-frame PTV

(Nishino, K., Kasagi, N. and Hirata, M. (1989) [11] )

Low

4

2, 3

Particles move along smooth curves

Fair tracking heavy computation, low paired rate, less erroneous vectors

VVH/2-PTV

(Baek, S. J. and Lee, S. J. (1996) [12] )

Low

2

2

Particles in the same search domain move approximately at the velocity

Fair tracking, many erroneous vectors