METHOD

TIME (mins)

Lightness (L˚)

Hue (H˚)

Chroma (C˚)

Raw (control)

0

38.47^f ± 0.35

58.53^c ± 1.89

7.78^e ± 0.18

Boiling

10

61.17^d ± 1.85

50.64^de ± 1.23

10.09^b ± 0.30

20

58.93^e ± 1.14

46.79^fg ± 2.24

9.98^bc ± 0.12

30

58.60^e ± 1.90

45.16^fgh ± 0.64

9.59^c ± 0.18

Steaming

10

63.50^c ± 0.56

48.09^ef ± 0.69

10.58^a ± 0.10

20

62.43^cd ± 1.75

43.51^gh ± 4.12

10.35^ab ± 0.20

30

61.10^d ± 0.87

42.64^h ± 082

7.97^e ± 0.17

Roasting

10

59.03^e ± 1.19

51.45^d ± 1.89

10.32^ab ± 0.44

20

65.30^b ± 0.17

63.77^b ± 1.25

9.89^bc ± 0.56

30

70.30^a ± 0.95

69.43^a ± 0.83

8.90^d ± 0.01