Scales | PLS factor loading |
Identity salience Please indicate how much you agree/disagree with each of the following statements. Seven-point Likert scale (1 = “strongly disagree,” and 7 = “strongly agree”), adapted from [69] . |
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1) I have a clear sense of my ethnic background and what it means for me. | 0.66 |
2) I have a strong sense of belonging to my own ethnic group. | 0.77 |
3) I understand pretty well what my ethnic group memberships mean to me, in terms of how to relate to my own group and other groups. | 0.74 |
4) I have a lot of pride in my ethnic group and its accomplishments. | 0.76 |
5) I participate in cultural practices of my own group, such as special food, music, or customs. | 0.76 |
6) I feel a strong attachment towards my ethnic group. | 0.89 |
7) I feel good about my cultural or ethnic background. | 0.79 |
Academic self-efficacy Please indicate how much you agree/disagree with each of the following statements. Seven-point Likert scale (1 = “strongly disagree,” and 7 = “strongly agree”), adapted from [70] . |
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1) I am good at researching and writing university level papers. | 0.80 |
2) I am a very good student. | 0.75 |
3) I usually do very well in university and at academic tasks. | 0.86 |
4) I typically find my academic work interesting and absorbing. | 0.78 |
5) I am very capable of succeeding at the university. | 0.85 |
Individualism Please indicate how much you agree/disagree with each of the following statements. Seven-point Likert scale (1 = “strongly disagree,” and 7 = “strongly agree”), based on [71] and [51] . |
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1) I enjoy being unique and different from others in many ways. | 0.67 |
2) I often “do my own thing”. | 0.76 |
3) I am a unique individual. | 0.74 |
4) I would rather depend on myself than others. | 0.76 |
Ethnocentrism Please indicate how much you agree/disagree with each of the following statements. Seven-point Likert scale (1 = “strongly disagree,” and 7 = “strongly agree”), adapted from [72] . |
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1) It is not right to purchase foreign products because it puts my countrymen out of jobs. | 0.77 |
2) A real patriot should always buy domestically-produced products. | 0.75 |
3) We should purchase products manufactured domestically instead of letting other countries get rich off us. | 0.93 |
4) My countrymen should not buy foreign products because this hurts indigenous companies and causes unemployment. | 0.92 |
Homophily |
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Index-based measure that takes into consideration the number of same-nationality ties a student cited in proportion of the number of same nationality ties available taking in consideration the total number of individuals in the group. The measure was adopted from [73] . | 1.00 |